2023年雅思阅读|之有选项的summary

　　可能范围比较大，建议根据标题进行预判，如果没有标题，那就根据summary的第一句话大致判定范围

　　出现小范围乱序(8成有选项的summary顺序，2成乱序)

　　选项同义替换，3成原词，7成替换

　　2 例题：剑8 test2 passage2

　　Questions 18-22

　　Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.

　　Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

　　Weather during the little Ice Age

　　Documentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of in the distant past are 18_____and 19_____.We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20____, rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 21 ______ and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22 _____ with no rain at all.

　　A climatic shifts B ice cores C tree rings

　　D glaciers E interactions F weather observations

　　G heat waves H storms I written accounts

　　B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in-recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intenselycold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.

　　C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland the Peruvian Andes, and other locations. We are close to knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.

　　根据Weather during the little Ice Age， 既然有weather 这个词我们判断是文章的部分，否则文章大标题干嘛不叫Weather during the little Ice Age呢。而且weather是个比较抽象的词，说明有几段。

　　如何做笔记整理思路做题?

　　第18和19题是一个逻辑：第一句话中limitation可以画个向下的箭头，或者写个减号，表示否定。Documentation ， past, limited 可以划出来，并且18和19是并列关系;

　　第20题，21题， 22题逻辑更紧密。21和22是对20的解释说明。

　　为什么20、21、22 和前面不是一个逻辑呢，如果是的话可能会加上according to it , we can deduce that 之类的语言。

　　既然这里有两个逻辑关系，那就分别带18、19的定位词和20题，21题， 22题的定位词去文章中找。有可能18、19先出来，也有可能20题，21题， 22题在文章中先出现，由于大概率是顺序，所以带着20题去看。

　　回到原文，我们发现先出现了20题，题目中We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20____, rather than of consistent freezing.对应到原文The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean.

　　20题选A climatic shifts，为什么20题不选择 E interactions呢?因为原文说still little understood interactions，而 little表否定，题目中没有否定。

　　21题和22题，题目Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 21 ______ and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22 _____ with no rain at all.

　　对应原文：The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.

　　18、19题对应原文Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult(对应题目的limited), because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts.