sat语法考试：being的用法

首先我们所说的这种万能的做题方法，就是因为这种表达方式不够简洁！Improving Sentence这种题型对我们的要求是不仅要选语法正确的，而且还要表达最effective的，且表达的有效性体现在表达的简洁和直接上，而being 的出现常常违背了这条规则。

我们来看看在07的考试中出现的一道IS题！

Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children, being Sigmund Freud’s daughter.

(A) Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children, being Sigmund Freud’s daughter.

(B) Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children, and she was Sigmund Freud’s daughter.

(C) Anna Freud, who as Sigmund Freud’s daughter adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children.

(D) Being Sigmund Freud’s daughter, Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children.

(E) Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud’s daughter, adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children.

这道题答案选E，原句有两个问题，一是being Sigmund Freud’s daughter这个状语的位置，从句意看很明显这个状语是修饰Anna Freud，所以应该让它靠近Anna Freud，就近修饰，可以看到D选项就是调整了这个状语的位置。但仍不选D，而选E, 比较下D，E选项就引出了原句的第二个问题，就是Being+ 名词结构的不简洁。通过比较D，E选项可以清晰看出，既然表Anna Freud的身份，用同位语也就是个名词性短语Sigmund Freud’s daughter就可以了，再加个being显然多此一举。

我们再来看两个例子：

Being a target of paparazzi, Anne has no privacy.

Being angry, Tom left without a word.

第一个例子与上题雷同，可以直接采用更为简洁的同位语修饰，句子变为

A target of paparazzi, Anne has no privacy.

第二个例子也可以进一步简化，我们知道形容词单独就可以表状态，being在此也是多余的。句子可以简化为: Angry, Tom left without a word.

从这几个例子，可以总结出being+ n，being+ adj. 的结构都是不简洁的，因为n，adj单独就可以进行修饰。

其次，being不选的原因还体现在being done结构使用的不正确。Being done是doing的被动语态，解释为正在被做，而在实际做题过程中很少会遇到题目想体现正在被动的含义。

比如08年10月考过一题：

During the Great Depression, Dorothea Lange’s photographs brought public attention to the plight of farm workers, being distributed free of charge to newspaper.

(A) photographs brought public attention to the plight of farm workers, being distributed free of charge to newspaper

(B) photographs brought public attention to the plight of farm workers, which were distributed free of charge to newspapers

(C) photographs, which she distributed free of charge to newspapers and brought public attention to the plight of farm workers

(D) photographs, distributed free of charge to newspapers, bringing public attention to the plight of farm workers

(E) photographs, distributed free of charge to newspapers, brought public attention to the plight of farm workers

首先分析下句意，这道题正确的句意是照片先登上报纸，后引起关注，而原句用being done, 一表进行，二表登报纸与引起关注的动作同时发生，显然不符合句意。这道题选E，去掉了being并让过去分词短语distributed free of charge就近修饰photographs，首先调整位置后修饰关系清晰明了，其次过去分词含被动和完成两层含义，正确体现了与主句动词之间的先后顺序。

因此，从being的不简洁以及being done时态使用错误这两点可以排除带有being的选项，而且此技巧覆盖了SAT语法90% 甚至是99%的题。但有一个例外应该引起我们的高度重视：prep+ being。我们知道介词后只能跟名词，所以要想让介词后跟动词，动词一定要转化为v-ing这种动名词形式。

07年1月考到这么一题：

Bees must leave the safety of the hive to forage for food many times a day, they are risking being eaten by any of a multitude of predators.

(A) day, they are risking being eaten

(B) day at the risk of being eaten

(C) day risking them to be eaten

(D) day; the risk is to be eaten

(E) day: likewise, they risk being eaten

这道题选B，如果靠being不选这条技巧就很容易做错。这里用being eaten是因为at the risk of 这个介词词组后面必须用v-ing形式。

希望大家能够高度重视介词+being的特例，也希望大家能够将这个方法运用好！能够学以致用和明白这种使用方法的目的！也希望能够在sat语法考试将这些知识能够运用得上！更多雅思、托福、sat等精彩内容请关注深圳新航道！