SAT语法中：run-on句型的应用

【关键词】run-on句型； 连词； 副词；分号

常见Run-on句型包括以下三种：

1. Comma splices

“Comma splices“指的是两个完整的句子仅仅用逗号连接。

Eg: The bus stopped suddenly, I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

2. Fused sentences

所谓“Fused sentences“就是两个句子之间没有任何标点符号，直接粘连在一起。

Eg: The bus stopped suddenly I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

3. 用副词或者介词连接两个完整句子

这种run-on句型往往更难区分。

Eg: The bus stopped suddenly, consequently, I spilled coffee all over my shirt.
 

常见的修改方式也有三种，坊间俗称“牵手，分手，灭口”。

所谓牵手就是用连词把两个完整的句子连起来，变成一个整体；

eg: The bus stopped suddenly and I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

所谓分手就是用分号或句号把两个完整的句子隔开，变成两个独立的句子；

eg: The bus stopped suddenly；I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

所谓灭口就是把两个句子中的其中一个变成另外一个的附属成分，比如变成ing，从句等等。

Eg: The stumbled over a rock, spilling coffee all over my shirt.

这些修改方式中最需要注意的是用连词连接两个句子的情况。因为连词很容易跟副词混淆。所以我们的关键点也变成了怎样区分常见的连词和副词。

常见连词：

 1.表指代：who, whom, that

 2. 表条件：whether, if

 3.表时间：when, after, before, as, while

 4.表因果：because, since, as

 5.表让步：although, though, even if, even though

当然连词的个数远远不止以上几个，只是本文我们只讨论sat语法常考的连词。这些连词经常被用来连接句子，从而修正run-on句型

常见副词：

1. –ly

2. 词根：thereby, therefore，heretofore，nevertheless，nonetheless

3. 表顺序：first，in the first place， in the end, then

4. 举例：for example, for instance

5. however,  moreover，furthermore，hence, thus, also, even, what’s more

这些副词或者副词短语都不能用来连接两个完整的句子。所以我们做题时就要将连词和副词区分开来。以下三个例题分别是run-on句型的三种修改方式：

1. Even the play’s most minor characters work together with extraordinary skill, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.

• (A) their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.

• (B) a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplay

• (C) and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.

• (D) and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplay

• (E) with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.

本题答案为c选项。原句是典型的run-on句型，用逗号连接两个完整的句子。正确选项通过添加连词and将两个分句连接起来了。B选项没有连词，D选项虽然有连词，但是连词后的句子没有谓语，E选项介词短语连不了两个完整的句子 。

2. Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.

• (A) weekends, consequently they do not have

• (B) weekends, they do not have

• (C) weekends, as a consequence they do not have

• (D) weekends, therefore they do not have

• (E) weekends; consequently, they do not have

本题答案为E选项。原句和D选项错在用副词连接两个完整的句子；B选项用逗号连接两个完整的句子，不正确，C选项as a consequence是副词短语，依旧连接不了两个完整的句子。正确选项E用分号将两个句子分开，可取。

3. Bees must leave the safety of the hive to forage for food many times a day, they are risking being eaten by any of a multitude of predators. P491-4

• (A) day, they are risking being eaten

• (B) day at the risk of being eaten    

• (C) day risking them to be eaten  

• (D) day; the risk is to be eaten

• (E) day; likewise, they risk being eaten

本题正确答案为B。原句是逗号连接两个完整的句子，不可取；B选项用介词短语把两个小分句合并成立一个大整句，且逻辑关系正确。选项risking错误地修饰day；D选项被吃掉的主语应该是蜜蜂；E不如B简洁。

我们做题时一旦判断出该句是run-on句型就要在选项中找加了连词或者分号的，很有可能就是正确答案，但有时候正确答案也有可能是像第三个例题一样，把两个分句通过某种形式变成一个大整句，所以我们需要具体情况具体分析。

这些知识点，一定要记下来！我也希望各位同学们再今后的考试中能够将这些知识点能够融汇贯通！更多雅思、托福、sat等精彩内容请关注深圳新航道！

http://szxhdyy.cn/sat/satyf/191.html