2月24日雅思大作文真题：私家车对个人和环境的利弊

　　“More and more people buy and use their own car. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for environment?”

　　本题为雅思考试经典旧题，最近一次出现在2016年9月15日。相信参加本次考试的烤鸭会很开心，这个话题实在是太熟悉，甚至可能都背诵过范文。　

　　大家看一个数据：2004年中国汽车保有量是2400万辆，到2015年，这个数据已经达到1.37亿！也就是说，仅仅10年时间，活跃在中国大街小巷的汽车增加了500%！而这增加的车辆，多数都是私家车。的确，近些年中国的汽车行业发展太快了，以至于很多人对此都有意见。那么，本次雅思考题正是针对这样的一个问题。

　　汽车的确能够人们带来很多方便。在拥挤的都市里，虽然有发达的公交系统和地铁系统，但都非常拥挤，有时候还赶不上，严重地耽误上班时间，即使挤上去，帅哥美女们挤杂在熙熙攘攘的各色人群中，的确时有尊严不足之感。好，开私家车让自己出行更方便，更有自由和舒适感，这些是买私家车的好处。

　　但是，那么多人开私家车，我们又不得不考虑它们对环境的消极影响。这个不难理解。很多专家都指出，北京的雾霾（其实不只是北京，全世界稍微大点的城市，哪个没有雾霾？只是北京雾霾太严重，于是成了众人讥讽的城市，这有点不公平，大家都是五十步笑百步），很大程度上就是由于这个城市的车太多引起的。车一发动，灰尘(dust)扬起，尾气(exhaust gas)外喷，的确容易污染空气。讨论完私家车对个人的好处以及对环境的坏处后，我们的观点应该是什么呢？这里就没有所谓正确答案了。你可以说自由和方便高于一切，可以开发新的科技来解决由此引起的环境问题；你也可以说环境高于一切，出行的方便可以通过改进公交系统来解决；你还可以说，自由方便和环境都很重要，但呼吁尽量减少用车时间，共同维护美好环境，等等。

　　这里提醒大家，其实本题还是隐藏了一个陷阱的。很多同学一看到“汽车”话题太过于开心，于是忘记了仔细审题：本题要求比较的是汽车对个人的好处以及对环境的坏处。

　　因此，在讨论汽车的好处时一定要聚焦“汽车对个人的好处”，比如汽车给我们出行带来的便捷，如果讨论汽车如何增加政府的收入，则属于偏题；在讨论汽车的坏处时一定要聚焦“汽车给环境带来的压力”，比如空气污染，噪音污染等，如果讨论开车耗费我们很多金钱，则属于偏题。因此，建议烤鸭们在考场上一定要静下心来，仔细审题后再作答。

　　老师笔记

　　01

　　Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

　　仅仅在50年前，拥有一辆汽车还是一件相当奢华的事情，但今天，汽车已经走进很多家庭了。数据显示，仅在中国，每天就有超过1.4亿辆车在路上奔跑。虽然汽车给使用者带来了诸多便利，但它们也给环境造成巨大压力。

　　解析

　　（1）本段用比较方法引出话题，然后用数据补充，最后重述题目观点。这种做法可以让第一段显得生动活泼。如果千篇一律地使用如下开头，则会使文章没有生机：

　　A. With the development of the society, more and more people buy and use their own car.

　　B. When it comes to the car ownership and use, many people think they are good to the individuals but very bad to the environment.

　　这两种典型的作文开头法虽然可以万能，但正因为其万能，就显得没有任何个性，而显示出作者的个性，是作文得到高分的必需。引用数据或者通过比较来引入话题，就显得更为独特。

　　（2）luxury 奢华

　　（3）find one’s way to/into... 进入到...... (比简单的enter显得更为地道，生动！）

　　（4）in China alone...仅仅在中国 (这里的alone与孤独没有任何关系，表示“仅仅”）

　　（5）impose pressure on... 给......施加了压力

　　02

　　Modern city life has made the car an indispensable means of transport. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours. This means you might come to your office late or miss some important appointments. If you drive your own car, these problems may well be avoided. At the same time, when you plan to take your family for a trip out of town, you may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

　　现代的城市生活已经让汽车成为一种不可或缺的交通工具。虽然现在绝大多数城市都有相当发达的交通系统，比如公共汽车和地铁，但它们也容易变得非常拥挤，尤其是在上下班高峰期。这就意味着你可能上班迟到，或者错过一些重要的约会。如果你开自己的车，这些问题就可得到避免。同时，当你计划带家人出城游玩时，你也享有何时出发何时回来的灵活性，而不是花时间等待公交车到来。

　　解析

　　（1）本段论证汽车给人们生活带来的便利：第一是公交或地铁太拥挤，可能因此上班迟到；第二是全家出去旅游时更灵活。

　　（2）indispensable 不可或缺的

　　（3）means of transport / transportation 交通运输工具

　　（4）rush hours （上下班）高峰期

　　（5）flexibility 灵活性

　　03

　　However, the increased use of cars has caused serious consequences for our environment. Many experts, for instance, attributes the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them. This accusation is perhaps well-grounded if you make a little comparison between the air quality 50 years ago and that now. In addition to the waste gas and dust, cars also make unbearable noises, which is a headache to all city dwellers. Just imagine a time you are shocked awake from your cozy dream by the sharp braking screechof a car passing by your house!

　　然而，汽车使用越来越多，已经给环境带来了严重的后果。比如，许多专家将大城市日益恶化的空气质量归咎于汽车的尾气释放以及汽车后面扬起的尘土。如果你把50年前的空气质量和现在的空气质量稍微比较一下，（你就会发现）这种指责也许是有依据的。除了尾气和尘土外，汽车还制造令人难以忍受的噪音，这令所有城市居民感到头疼。想一想吧，某次你被经过你家房子的汽车的尖利刹车声从美梦中惊醒！

　　解析

　　（1）本段讨论汽车对环境的影响，一是造成了空气质量下降，二是造成了很多噪音。本段最后一句也是一个个性表达的范例！

　　（2）consequences 后果

　　（3）attribute...to... 将......归因于......

　　（4）exhaust gas emission 尾气释放

　　（5）well-grounded 有依据的

　　（6）city dweller 城市居民

　　（7）screech 尖叫声

　　04

　　In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot overlookthe negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

　　我认为，政府禁止拥有或使用汽车是不现实的，因为汽车在我们的日常生活中已经如此重要，但是我们也不能忽视汽车给环境带来的负面影响。我觉得，为了走出这个困境，我们有两个选择，其一，发展汽车科技，制造出较少耗费燃料的汽车，其二，鼓励汽车拥有者们尽可能使用公共交通。

　　解析

　　（1）本段表达自己的观点，提出汽车和环境都需要，并因此提出了两个选择方案：一是设计耗油少的汽车，二是鼓励大家尽量选坐公共交通。

　　（2）unrealistic 不现实的

　　（3）overlook 忽视

　　（4）dilemma 困境

　　（5）option 选择

　　（6）...there are two options, the first being to develop car technology... 该句后半部分是独立主格结构，因此用being，而不能用is。在有把握的前提下，偶尔使用一下这种高端句型，有可能给考官留下好印象。如果没有把握，就要老老实实地写：...there are two options. The first one is to develop car technology...

　　本场考试范文

　　Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

　　Modern city life has made the car an indispensable means of transport. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours. This means you might come to your office late or miss some important appointments. If you drive your own car, these problems may well be avoided. At the same time, when you plan to take your family for a trip out of town, you may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

　　However, the increased use of cars has caused serious consequences for our environment. Many experts, for instance, attributes the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them. This accusation is perhaps well-grounded if you make a little comparison between the air quality 50 years ago and that now. In addition to the waste gas and dust, cars also make unbearable noises, which is a headache to all city dwellers. Just imagine a time you are shocked awake from your cozy dream by the sharp braking screech of a car passing by your house!

　　In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot overlook the negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

　　(346 words)

　　希望本场考试的范文对你能有所帮助，至少在写作思路上能对你有所启发，下次练习或者考试中你就可以应对自如啦。更多雅思考试回忆及备考资源，就在深圳新航道雅思频道。英语高能高分，就上新航道！